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Effects of a dynamic membrane formed with polyethylene glycol on the ultrafiltration of natural organic matter

Boksoon KWON, Noeon PARK, Jaeweon CHO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 172-182 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0002-y

摘要： The formation of a dynamic membrane (DM) was investigated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) (molecular weight of 35000 g/mol, concentration of 1 g/L). Two natural organic matters (NOM), Dongbok Lake NOM (DLNOM) and Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) were used in the ultrafiltration experiments along with PEG. To evaluate the effects of the DM with PEG on ultrafiltration, various transport experiments were conducted, and the analyses of the NOM in the membrane feed and permeate were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography, and the pore size distribution ( PSD) and molecular weight cut off ( MWCO) were determined. The advantages of DM formed with PEG can be summarized as follows: (1) PEG interferes with NOM transmission through the ultrafiltration membrane pores by increasing the retention coefficient of NOM in UF membranes, and (2) low removal of NOM by the DM is affected by external factors, such as pressure increases during UF membrane filtration, which decreases the PSD and MWCO of UF membranes. However, a disadvantage of the DM with PEG was severe flux decline; thus, one must be mindful of both the positive and negative influences of the DM when optimizing the UF performance of the membrane.

关键词： dynamic membrane     natural organic matters     ultrafiltration membrane performance     effective PSD     effective molecular weight cutoff    

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Estimation of the minimum effective dose of tramadol for postoperative analgesia in infants using the

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 288-295 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0208-4

摘要：

Tramadol is a potent analgesic. However, the analgesia efficacy of tramadol, particularly its minimum effective dose (MED), is not clear. The aim of this study is to find MED of tramadol for postoperative analgesia in infants. The continual reassessment method (CRM) was performed to find MED. Infants undergoing surgeries were included in the 3 phases of this series. In each phase, 24 participants were allocated a different tramadol dose. Pain intensity was measured by face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) measurement at 3-hour intervals. Tramadol was considered ineffective if the FLACC score was higher than 4 in 10 at anytime. In phase 1, seven dose levels were used within the range 0.1–0.4 mg?kg-1·h-1. Phase 1 was insufficient to identify the MED, and we increased the dose to 0.4–0.8 mg?kg-1·h-1 in phase 2. Phase 2 was insufficient to identify the MED. In phase 3, local anesthetic wound infiltration was introduced, and the tramadol dose levels tested were the same as in phase 1. The successful analgesia probability of tramadol 0.4 mg?kg-1?h-1 was 82.1% (95% CI, 0.742–0.925) in phase 1. In phase 2, it was 84.7% (95% CI, 0.789–0.991) with the dose 0.8 mg?kg-1?h-1. Phase 1 and phase 2 were insufficient to identify the MED. In phase 3, the successful analgesia probability for dose 0.35 mg?kg-1?h-1was 96.7% (95% CI, 0.853–0.997).We have demonstrated that tramadol provides insufficient analgesia for surgeries considered to cause moderate-to-severe postoperative pain in infants if used as the sole analgesic, and that local anesthetic wound infiltration enhances the efficacy of tramadol.

关键词： tramadol     minimum effective dose     postoperative analgesia     infants     continual reassessment method    

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Developing effective tumor vaccines: basis, challenges and perspectives

XU Qingwen, CHEN Weifeng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 11-19 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0003-9

摘要： A remarkable advance in tumor immunology during the last decade is the elucidation of the antigenic basis of tumor recognition and destruction. A variety of tumor antigens have been identified using several strategies including conventional experiments and newly developed bioinformatics. Among these antigens, cancer/testis antigen (CT antigen) is considered to be the most promising target for immunotherapy by vaccination. Successful immunotherapy of tumors requires understanding of the natural relationship between the immune system and tumor in the status of differentiation, invasion and maturation. Continued progress in development of effective cancer vaccines depends on the identification of appropriate target antigens, the establishment of optimal immunization strategies without harmful autoimmune responses and the ability of manipulating tumor microenvironment to circumvent immune suppression and to augment the anti-tumor immune response.

关键词： development     conventional     identification     elucidation     Successful immunotherapy    

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A novel light fluctuation spectrum method for in-line particle sizing

Shouxuan QIN, Xiaoshu CAI, Li MA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 89-97 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0176-z

摘要： This paper discusses two problems in in-line particle sizing when using light fluctuation method. First, by retrieving the ratio of particle concentrations at different time, the intensity of incident light is obtained. There exists narrow error between the calculated and pre-detected value of the intensity of incident light. Secondly, by combining spectrum analysis with Gregory’s theory, a multi-sub-size zone model is proposed, with which the relationship between the distribution of turbidity and the particle size distribution (PSD) can be established, and an algorithm developed to determine the distribution of turbidity. Experiments conducted in the laboratory indicate that the measured size distribution of pulverized coal conforms well with the imaging result.

关键词： in-line measurement     particle size distribution (PSD)     incident light intensity     particle concentration     light fluctuation    

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Z-scheme CdS/WO on a carbon cloth enabling effective hydrogen evolution

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 678-686 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0768-6

摘要： Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen (H2) generation is a potential strategy to solve the problem of energy crisis and environmental deterioration. However, powder-like photocatalysts are difficult to recycle, and the agglomeration of particles would affect the photocatalytic activity. Herein, a direct Z-scheme CdS/WO3 composite photocatalyst was fabricated based on carbon cloth through a two-step process. With the support of carbon cloth, photocatalysts tend to grow uniformly for further applications. The experimental results showed that the H2 yield of adding one piece of CdS/WO3 composite material was 17.28 μmol/h, which was 5.5 times as compared to that of pure CdS-loaded carbon cloth material. A cycle experiment was conducted to verify the stability of the as-prepared material and the result demonstrated that the H2 generation performance of CdS/WO3 decreased slightly after 3 cycles. This work provides new ideas for the development of recyclable photocatalysts and has a positive significance for practical applications.

关键词： photocatalysis     CdS/WO3     carbon cloth     Z-scheme     hydrogen evolution    

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Determination of effective stress parameter of unsaturated soils: A Gaussian process regression approach

Pijush Samui, Jagan J

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 133-136 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0202-1

摘要： This article examines the capability of Gaussian process regression (GPR) for prediction of effective stress parameter ( ) of unsaturated soil. GPR method proceeds by parameterising a covariance function, and then infers the parameters given the data set. Input variables of GPR are net confining pressure ( ), saturated volumetric water content ( ), residual water content ( ), bubbling pressure ( ), suction ( ) and fitting parameter ( ). A comparative study has been carried out between the developed GPR and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. A sensitivity analysis has been done to determine the effect of each input parameter on . The developed GPR gives the variance of predicted . The results show that the developed GPR is reliable model for prediction of of unsaturated soil.

关键词： unsaturated soil     effective stress parameter     Gaussian process regression (GPR)     artificial neural network (ANN)     variance    

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OPPORTUNITIES AND APPROACHES FOR MANIPULATING SOIL-PLANT MICROBIOMES FOR EFFECTIVE CROP NITROGEN USE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 333-343 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022450

摘要：

● Matching nitrification inhibitors with soil properties and nitrifiers is vital to achieve a higher NUE.

关键词： nitrogen     microbiome     NUE     rhizosphere     phyllosphere     soil food web    

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Facile fabrication of dolomite-doped biochar/bentonite for effective removal of phosphate from complex

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1671-7

摘要：

● Dolomite-doped biochar/bentonite was synthesized for phosphate removal.

关键词： Biochar-bentonite composite     Dolomite doping     Phosphate adsorption     Polymeric matrix membrane     Adsorption-filtration dual functions     Low-concentration phosphate    

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Multistage analysis method for detection of effective herb prescription from clinical data

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 206-217 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0525-8

摘要：

Determining effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments for specific disease conditions or particular patient groups is a difficult issue that necessitates investigation because of the complicated personalized manifestations in real-world patients and the individualized combination therapies prescribed in clinical settings. In this study, a multistage analysis method that integrates propensity case matching, complex network analysis, and herb set enrichment analysis was proposed to identify effective herb prescriptions for particular diseases (e.g., insomnia). First, propensity case matching was applied to match clinical cases. Then, core network extraction and herb set enrichment were combined to detect core effective herb prescriptions. Effectiveness-based mutual information was used to detect strong herb–symptom relationships. This method was applied on a TCM clinical data set with 955 patients collected from well-designed observational studies. Results revealed that groups of herb prescriptions with higher effectiveness rates (76.9% vs. 42.8% for matched samples; 94.2% vs. 84.9% for all samples) compared with the original prescriptions were found. Particular patient groups with symptom manifestations were also identified to help investigate the indications of the effective herb prescriptions.

关键词： effective prescription detection     herb set enrichment analysis     core network extraction     insomnia     personalized treatment    

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客运专线轨道不平顺功率谱分析

陈秀方,金守华,曾华亮

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第4期   页码 56-59

摘要：

轨道不平顺是车辆振动的主要激扰源，也是限制列车最高运行速度的主要因素之一，直接关系到列车运行的平稳性、安全性和舒适性。文章以秦沈客运专线轨检车实测轨道不平顺数据为统计样本，基于样本平稳性检验，采用FFT方法进行样本空间的谱估计，并由MATLAB编程得到轨道不平顺谱密度。基于轨道不平顺样本的总体平均，得出了谱密度频率平滑曲线和谱密度曲线拟合表达式，并与我国重载提速干线的谱密度曲线进行了对比分析。在此基础上，对秦沈客运专线的轨道状态进行了评估。

关键词： 客运专线     轨道不平顺     功率谱密度     平稳性检验    

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UV-LED/P25-based photocatalysis for effective degradation of isothiazolone biocide

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1379-x

摘要：

• UV-LED with shorter wavelength was beneficial for photocatalytic degradation.

关键词： Degradation     Photocatalytic     LED     CMIT     P25    

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and properties of PES/SPSf loose nanofiltration membranes using SPES as a hydrophilic polymer for the effective

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1555-1567 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2338-4

摘要： Herein, polyethersulfone (PES) and sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf) blend membranes were prepared with addition of sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) as a hydrophilic polymer and adipic acid as a porogen via non-solvent induced phase separation method for effective fractionation of dyes based on the influence of steric hindrance and charge effect. Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamic simulation modeling confirmed that hydrogen bonds between PES, SPSf, SPES, and adipic acid were crucial to membrane formation and spatial arrangement. Further addition of hydrophilic SPES resulted in a membrane with reduced pore size and molecular weight cut-off as well as amplified negative charge and pure water permeance. During separation, the blend membranes exhibited higher rejection rates for nine types of small molecular weight (269.3–800 Da) dyes than for neutral polyethylene glycol molecules (200–1000 Da). This was attributed to the size effect and the synergistic effect between steric hindrance and charge repulsion. Notably, the synergistic impact decreased with dye molecular weight, while greater membrane negative charge enhanced small molecular dye rejection. Ideal operational stability and anti-fouling performance were best observed in M2 (PES/SPSf/SPES, 3.1 wt %). Summarily, this study demonstrates that SPES with –SO3‒ functional groups can be applied to control the microstructure and separation of membranes.

关键词： adipic acid     loose nanofiltration membrane     dye/salt selective separation     steric hindrance     charge effect    

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ROOT EXUDATES FROM CANOLA EXHIBIT BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION INHIBITION AND ARE EFFECTIVE IN INHIBITING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 177-186 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021421

摘要：

A range of plant species produce root exudates that inhibit ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. This biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity can decrease N loss and increase N uptake from the rhizosphere. This study sought evidence for the existence and magnitude of BNI capacity in canola ( Brassica napus). Seedlings of three canola cultivars, Brachiaria humidicola(BNI positive) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum) were grown in a hydroponic system. Root exudates were collected and their inhibition of the ammonia oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosospira multiformis, was tested. Subsequent pot experiments were used to test the inhibition of native nitrifying communities in soil. Root exudates from canola significantly reduced nitrification rates of both N. multiformis cultures and native soil microbial communities. The level of nitrification inhibition across the three cultivars was similar to the well-studied high-BNI species B. humidicola. BNI capacity of canola may have implications for the N dynamics in farming systems and the N uptake efficiency of crops in rotational farming systems. By reducing nitrification rates canola crops may decrease N losses, increase plant N uptake and encourage microbial N immobilization and subsequently increase the pool of organic N that is available for mineralization during the following cereal crops.

关键词： ammonia oxidizing microorganisms / biological nitrification inhibition / farming rotations / nitrogen cycling / nitrogen use efficiency    

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巨项目的有效大系统

任宏,曾德珩,张巍,张建高

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第12期   页码 75-80

摘要：

巨项目系统属于复杂系统的范畴，过度复杂的系统构成增加了巨项目管理的难度。提出有效大系统，目的在于通过对巨项目系统规模、范围、要素的确定与精简，实现巨项目管理效率的提高与目标的达成。本文首先界定了有效大系统的定义及其有效性来源，然后利用模糊关系矩阵模型提出了该系统内要素贡献度与关联度的判断方法，最后采用合作博弈的优超模型解决要素间的协调问题。

关键词： 巨项目     有效大系统     贡献度     关联度     合作博弈    

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Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1044-4

摘要： As of May 3, 2023, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 760 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths. Several patients have developed pneumonia, which can deteriorate into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The primary etiology may be attributed to cytokine storm, which is triggered by the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequently leads to immune dysregulation. Considering that high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been detected in several highly pathogenic coronavirus-infected diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002, the Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012, and COVID-19, the IL-6 pathway has emerged as a key in the pathogenesis of this hyperinflammatory state. Thus, we review the history of cytokine storm and the process of targeting IL-6 signaling to elucidate the pivotal role played by tocilizumab in combating COVID-19.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     cytokine storm     interleukin-6     tocilizumab    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effects of a dynamic membrane formed with polyethylene glycol on the ultrafiltration of natural organic matter

Boksoon KWON, Noeon PARK, Jaeweon CHO,

期刊论文

Estimation of the minimum effective dose of tramadol for postoperative analgesia in infants using the

null

期刊论文

Developing effective tumor vaccines: basis, challenges and perspectives

XU Qingwen, CHEN Weifeng

期刊论文

A novel light fluctuation spectrum method for in-line particle sizing

Shouxuan QIN, Xiaoshu CAI, Li MA

期刊论文

Z-scheme CdS/WO on a carbon cloth enabling effective hydrogen evolution

期刊论文

Determination of effective stress parameter of unsaturated soils: A Gaussian process regression approach

Pijush Samui, Jagan J

期刊论文

OPPORTUNITIES AND APPROACHES FOR MANIPULATING SOIL-PLANT MICROBIOMES FOR EFFECTIVE CROP NITROGEN USE

期刊论文

Facile fabrication of dolomite-doped biochar/bentonite for effective removal of phosphate from complex

期刊论文

Multistage analysis method for detection of effective herb prescription from clinical data

null

期刊论文

客运专线轨道不平顺功率谱分析

陈秀方,金守华,曾华亮

期刊论文

UV-LED/P25-based photocatalysis for effective degradation of isothiazolone biocide

期刊论文

and properties of PES/SPSf loose nanofiltration membranes using SPES as a hydrophilic polymer for the effective

期刊论文

ROOT EXUDATES FROM CANOLA EXHIBIT BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION INHIBITION AND ARE EFFECTIVE IN INHIBITING

期刊论文

巨项目的有效大系统

任宏,曾德珩,张巍,张建高

期刊论文

Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19

期刊论文